Conjugated Molecular Orbitals of 1,3 Butadiene|MOT 1,3 BUTADIENE|Pi Mole...

Jones Reagent, H2CrO4 Oxidation of Alcohols Reaction Mechanism Chromic Acid|breath analyzer applic

Assalam o Alaikum in this lecture i am going to discuss the reaction mechanism of the Jones Reagent which is used to oxidized primary alcohols into carboxylic acids and secondary alcohols into ketones. The jones reagent is composed of Chromium Trioxide CrO3, H2O, and H2SO4 (Sulfuric acid) which generates chromic acid H2CrO4. Oxidation of primary alcohols first generates an aldehyde which converts to the geminal / gem diol hydrate form which is then oxidized into a carboxylic acid. Tertiary alcohols are resistant to oxidation.This lecture is delivered in Urdu ,Hindi and English. 1° Alcohols are oxidized to carboxylic acids (RCOOH) under harsher reaction conditions: Na2Cr2O7, K2Cr2O7, or CrO3 in the presence of H2O and H2SO4. The mechanism for the oxidation of 1° alcohols to aldehydes parallels the oxidation of 2° alcohols to ketones detailed is discussed in this lecture. Oxidation of a 1o alcohol to a carboxylic acid requires three operations: oxidation first to the aldehyde, reac

Chemical structure of endorphin

(Chemical structure of endorphin) It is the chemistry of 'carbon'-based compounds, but for some reason it does not cover elements such as carbon or' alloys' that contain carbon. In addition, the importance of organometallic reagents such as Grubbs' catalyst has increased in organic synthesis since the 20th century. But it can be regarded as an area of inorganic chemistry. On the basis of the carbon-hydrogen bond, what is often regarded as an organic compound such as 'urea' becomes an inorganic compound. In fact, there is no fundamental difference between organic and inorganic compounds. Since the origin of the term 'organic chemistry' originated, it seems most comfortable to believe that the contents in the textbooks of university organic chemistry are organic chemistry. The word 'organic' is a sign of vitality that there is a fundamental difference between the substances that make up living things (mostly carbon compo

Benzyne Intermediate Reaction Mechanism - Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution|NaNH2 and ammonia|chem

in this lecture i am going to discuss Prepration of benzyne or aryne by the reaction of chlorobenzene with NaNH2 and liquid ammonia.lecture in urdu ,hindi and english. This organic chemistry video tutorial discusses the reaction between chlorobenzene and with NaNH2 sodium amide And liquid ammonia to form aniline which proceeds via the aryne or benzyne intermediate. this reaction consists of two stages and each stage consists of two steps. stage 1 is the cis elimination of HX from vicinal position and formation of benzyne or aryne. stage 1 consists of step 1 and step 2. step 1 of stage 1 is extraction of proton by a base.step 2 of stage 1 is the elimination of halide ion (X) and formation of benzyne or aryne.stage 2 is the cis addition of base to benzyne or aryne. step 1 of stage 2 is the nucleiophilic attack on any triple bonded carbon of benzyne of aryne like -NH2 . step 2 of stage 2 is the the protonation of solvent from NH3 and formation of amino group -NH2 on benzene and

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